The Role of Rehearsal in Short-Term Memory - 2108 Words

Abstract Fergus I. M. Craik and Michael J. Watkins conducted two experiments which oppose many widely accepted models of memory, stating that an items length of stay in short term storage (STS) has an effect on the item being transferred into long term storage (LTS). Previous researchers postulate the more an item is rehearsed in STM there is a better chance of the item being transferred into LTM, for recall later, this can explain the negative recency effect in free recall; items presented at the end of a list are not rehearsed as often, being poorly retrieved later. Craik and Watkins experiments showed that neither the amount of time an item stayed in STM nor the number of overt rehearsals was related to subsequent recall (Craik and†¦show more content†¦Each list contained three critical words, equally distributed over i-value and presentation time; two were replacement words and one a report word. The order of i-values was essentially randomized. Effort was made to avoid confounding serial position and i-value of the replacement words; making the i-value not totally randomized. The first three serial positions were not used; besides the twenty seven lists participants were given three practice lists. Lists were presented with an intertribal interval of fifteen seconds. Participants engaged in one-minute arithmetic a task, immediately following, during which time paper was distributed for a final recall test. A ten minute period was allowed for the free recall of any words; critical or noncritical. Results 26.2 of the twenty seven report words were correctly identified and reported, no participants made more than two errors. The critical words were correctly perceived and retained over their respective intervals. An analysis of variance revealed significant effects of reporting and presentation rate. The findings reflect the advantage of reported words over replaced words, and slower presentation. The only other significant effect was the second order interaction between rate, i-value and replacement reported. The most important finding is that the non significance of the i-value variable. Discussion Recalling an item from LTS remainedShow MoreRelatedModels Of Theories Of Memory1235 Words   |  5 Pagestheories of memory. This essay will evaluate two models of theories of memory. Memory can be defined as the persistence of learning over time via the encoding, storage, and retrieval of information. Encoding is the process of categorizing incoming information through conscious effortful processing, rehearsal, or unconscious automatic processing. The storage process involves the retention of encoded information over time. Lastly, retrieval is the process of getting information out of memory. There areRead MoreEvaluate two models of one cognitive process1042 Words   |  5 Pagescognitive process: the memory by evaluating two models, which are the Multi store model introduced by Atkinson and Shiffrin in 1968 and the Working memory model by Baddeley and Hitch in 1974. The first model is the multi store model. It was first proposed by Atkinson and Shiffrin in 1968 and is a typical example of the information-processing approach. According to this model, memory consists of three types of memory stores: sensory stores, short-term store and long term store. Sensory storesRead MoreThe Importance Of Memory1185 Words   |  5 PagesMemory plays a crucial role in our lives. Everything we know and much of what we do is because of our memory. Because of its importance, memory has constantly always fascinated researchers. Without our memory, we would have no sense of identity, no idea of who we are. Memory is comprised of all the information that is encoded, stored and can be retrieved when needed. When encoding occurs, information is being processed by the brain. There are multiple types of encoding such as structural (what wordsRead MoreWorking Memory Is A Cognitive System That Maintains And Manipulates Task Relevant Information1366 Words   |  6 PagesWorking memory is a cognitive system that maintains and manipulates task-relevant information for a short period of time. (Cowan, J. 1999) Memory plays a crucial role in everyday life. It enables one to effectively perform complex tasks such as the ability to reason and solve new problems independently on a daily basis. Working memory is limited in capacity and sensitive to interruptions. â€Å"Without memory, our awareness would be confined to an external present and our lives would be virtually devoidRead MoreEssay on Memory Project1498 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Memory Project: Application to Learning Study Habits Memory is the capability to learn, retain, store and remember information from previous experiences. Memories are accumulated from prior experiences and recollected, which can influence change of behavior or thought. This ability can assist with learning and adapting to new experiences. Memory is essential to our lives. Without a memory of the past we cannot operate in the present or think about the future. We would not be able to rememberRead MoreThe Multi Store Model And The Working Memory Model1278 Words   |  6 PagesMemory is our ability to encode, store,retain and subsequently recall information and past experiences in the human brain (Luke Mastin,2010). In this review I am going to focus on the multi store model and the working memory model, which explain in detail how memory works. The multi-store model (MSM) of memory by Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968), explains that the memory is made up of three different stores.These are: sensory memory (SM), short term memory(STM) and long term memory(LTM). This modelRead MoreShort-Term Memory: The Second Stage in Memory Processing 1436 Words   |  6 PagesShort-Term Memory Diana Nunez Nicholas Salter, Ph.D. Introduction to Psychology Psychology 101, Section 8 October 26, 2010 Short-Term Memory The short-term memory is the lead to our long lasting remembers. Short-term memory is the second stage in the memory processing (Huffman). The short-term memory is the part of the memory that temporarily stores and processes information from the sensory memory and holds it until it decides if the information will be sent to the third stage or long-termRead MoreThe Brain And Memory Processes Essay1316 Words   |  6 PagesThe Brain and Memory Processes Katty Miles Psych1103 Psychology Core Concepts Erica Williams 9/23/2016 Miller- Motte College NC Brain and memory The Memory has different aspects and stages of processing information. The brain works with the memory and data on processing into the memory. The memory can be located in the brain senses and transfer all over the body and can send messages from the hippocampus and Werneck’s to the brainRead MoreWorking Memory : The State Of Memory1367 Words   |  6 PagesWorking Memory describes the state of memory we are actively engaged with. It performs the functions of receiving, temporarily holding and manipulating information (Baddeley, 2010). To assess memory psychologists have found it helpful to define their theories as models. Atkinson and Shiffrin ‘s 1968 Stage Model of Memory defined 3 main components of memory systems; sensory memory from perception of experience that becomes short-term memory (STM), which through rehearsal loads more permanent connectionsRead MoreEssay on The Sophistication of the Brain1473 Words   |  6 Pagesinvoluntary functions like breathing. Many of these functions are localised to a specific area of the cerebrum. The cerebrum is split into four lobes; the frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital lobes, which are specialised to carry out their different roles. The cortex is divided into two hemispheres; the left hemisphere is associated with motor control, speech and language functions and logic; whereas the right hemisphere is linked to spatial perception and creativity. Communication in the brain occurs

Evolution Vs Religion Vs Evolution - 921 Words

Despite what people may think, evolution versus religion has been around for a long time. It is a well known debate topic in hundreds of countries. While being around in numerous centuries, and having an important role in many people’s lives, the controversy rages on. With the argument of evolution versus religion, some people may believe religion is the right answer, however evolution gives a whole new answer to the question due to the unrealistic nature of an omnipotent figure, supporting factors of the Earth’s age, and ridiculous aspects of the creationist theory. One good point, people often bring up is Dr. Venter’s Human Genome Project. To better explain, Dr. Venter and scientists at the National Institutes of Health recently†¦show more content†¦This all being aboard a ship that’s bigger than anyone has ever built. Still another great example is that somehow Noah and his family were able to build a wooden ship that would house 14,008 individ uals. There were 7,000 kinds and a boy and girl for each of those. In total that’d be about 14,000 animals and 8 people. Not to mention that these people were not skilled. People in the early 1900’s built an extraordinary, large wooden ship called the Wyoming. It was the largest one ever built, and had a motor on it. Yet, this boat had a great difficulty. It was not as large as the Titanic, yet it was a long ship. It would twist in the sea side to side, around, and up and down. In all that twisting it leaked. The crew couldn’t keep it dry, eventually sinking. There were 14 crewmen aboard a ship built by skilled shipwrights in New England. The best in the world couldn’t build boat as big as the ark claims to have been. One can see that some characteristics of religion are impossible. Even with the overwhelming evidence supporting the Earth’s age (4.543 billion years) people still argue that it’s only 6,000 (Chowdhury para. 6). The first example to suggest this is that trees get annual rings. Each one would represent one year’s growth. There’s a famous tree in Sweden, Old Tjikko, that is over 9,500 years old. It’d be impossible for these trees to be there, if there was an enormous flood just 4,000 years ago (Nye). In the same light, scientists go to places likeShow MoreRelated Evolution Vs. Creationism Essay1323 Words   |  6 PagesEvolution vs. Creationism Abstract In the history of science vs. religion there have been no issues more intensely debated than evolution vs. creationism. The issue is passionately debated since the majority of evidence is in favor of evolution, but the creation point of view can never be proved wrong because of religious belief. Human creation breaks down into three simple beliefs; creation theory, naturalistic evolution theory, and theistic evolution theory. The complexities of all threeRead MoreCreationism vs. Evolutionism in Public Schools1538 Words   |  7 PagesDebate: Creationism vs. Evolution in Schools: 1st Affirmative Constructive Speech Creationism and Evolutionism by definition are very different topics. Currently, evolutionary naturalism is the most widely taught view of origins in America. In schools in the modern day, only evolutionism is taught and condoned. But before the 1920s, only creationism was taught, and evolution was forbidden. Then, on February 20, 2008, the Florida State Board of Education voted to revise the public school guidelinesRead More Evolution: Just More Proof of God1178 Words   |  5 PagesEvolution: Just More Proof of God      Ã‚   The world around us changes. This simple fact is obvious everywhere we look. Streams wash dirt and stones from higher places to lower places. Untended gardens fill with weeds.   - National Academy of Sciences    Humans are inquisitive creatures. Throughout the centuries, we have thought, Why are we here? This one question has brought thousands of answers. Once Gods and Goddesses reigned. The many hands of Tishri and Buddha, Tao, ConfuciusRead MoreEvolution Through the Influence of God1605 Words   |  7 Pagesestablished their own â€Å"religion† or belief called the intelligent design theory. Through a combination of scientific evidence and Biblical moralities, the intelligent design theory was established to accommodate believers in the divine Christ and the theory of evolution. This group believes that evolution is occurring, but that God created the start of all life. There are three main notions of the origin of life, evolution, creationism, and intelligent design. The first theory, evolution, explains how lifeRead MoreCopernicus And The First Pioneers Of Science1525 Words   |  7 Pagesbelieve that science follows the teachings of their religion or allies with their beliefs in an almighty power or God. Looking back in history at some of the great names in human scientific achievement, such as Copernicus, Galileo, and Darwin, we see that with each genius discovery came some outcry from religious groups. Nikolaus Copernicus was one of the first pioneers of science. Until 1540 science had long been a servant of the Christian religion, but Copernicus brought about change, and with thatRead MoreCreationism And Evolutionism887 Words   |  4 Pages Creationism Vs Evolutionism The debate between creationism and evolutionism has been a topic of discussion by scientists and religious believers since the 19th century. Since the very first religion such as Hinduism and all that came after, there has been the belief of a higher being, a divine creation more powerful than humans of which has created the world of that we live in. Until 1859, Sir Charles Darwin’s book â€Å"On the Origin of Species† introduced and described a theory based solely onRead MoreThe First Ammendment and Dealing with the Separation of Church and State1741 Words   |  7 PagesThe First Ammendment and Dealing with the Separation of Church and State Is it unconstitutional for local, state or federal governments to favor one religion over another? Government can show favoritism toward religion by displaying religious symbols in public places at taxpayer expense, by sponsoring events like Christmas concerts, caroling, by supporting the teaching of religious ideas, or even by supporting the teaching of creationism in public schools. It appears the UnitedRead MoreShould Intelligent Design and/or Creationism Be Taught Alongside Evolution in Public Schools?641 Words   |  3 Pagesshould be taught alongside evolution in public schools, which has been going on for a great amount of years. Intelligent design is the idea of natures changes cannot be a random process, but a type of guidance must have lead to why nature is the way it is in today’s era. In most cases, that specific guidance is God. God has created the world for a purpose. Creationism is the same idea as intelligent design, believing that nature was created by a divine being, God. Evolution is the idea of natural selectionRead MoreThe Evolution Of The Human Race1681 Words   |  7 PagesFaith Vs. Fact The universe is a vast and endless portal of knowledge and experience whose origin and creation is not fully proven. There are two ideologies that the human race has adopted into giving reason for our existence as well as our evolution; this being, religion, and science. Science and religion have been in a conflicting battle against each other in discovering truth about the universe and their main ideas disregard the other making them ultimately incompatible. Throughout historyRead MoreEssay on Creationsim vs. Evolution794 Words   |  4 PagesCreationsim vs. Evolution For a long time school administrators, teachers, parents and even students have argued for and against the teaching of either creation and/or evolution. Evolution has been taught in many public schools for generations because of the scientific methods and support it has as a scientific theory of how we as humans came to be. Many religions hold different views of how humanity as we know it was created and these people believe that students should be able to

Arab Spring Free Essays

In order to eliminate the autocratic regimes that were in control of their nations ‘destinies, many countries In the Middle East engaged In a revolution for freedom. Beginning In Tunisia, protesters In other countries of the Middle East gathered in a popular movement, known as the Arab Spring. Although the purpose of the Arab Spring movement to obtain freedom can be considered successful, the political situation in the countries associated with this type of movement Isn’t the best. We will write a custom essay sample on Arab Spring or any similar topic only for you Order Now As mentioned In the article, a leader of opposition In Tunnels was assassinated recently, on top of the several killings that previously took place in the country. Another nation, Libya, is facing similar problems it did with the old regime. Even though Shady is no longer the ruler, the country is still experiencing political instabilities due mainly to the lack of dialogue. As mentioned in the article, the Middle East still get a poor number of translated books per year, proving Its non-lintiest In teaching the populace various topics to favor debates. Like several countries In the Middle East, Israel shows a strong consideration for public opinion. In fact, the country’s values for people ‘rights originated from the Talmud, which supports the learning of history; philosophy and other great topics that would enable people to better understand today’s society. Perhaps by applying great principles from the Quern, without any distortion of its content, Arab-Spring affiliated countries may possibly learn the vitality of having freedom of speech. Salary to Jews, these Muslims may also refer to Abraham’s How to cite Arab Spring, Papers

Singles of 2017 by Selena Gomez free essay sample

Coming out, crazy love and diseases are all delicate topics to write about. Imagine putting them into song. Selena Gomez put all those topics into her 2017 singles. Selena brings out messages in each of the three singles and she tells a story. Her songs were huge in the sense that they carried some very personal messages along with them. She explains her struggles in her three new songs: â€Å"Bad Liar†, â€Å"Fetish†, and â€Å"Wolves†. â€Å"Bad liar† was the first of the singles she dropped in 2017 and it came out to be a very misunderstood song. The video was difficult to follow and took some time to finally understand what was happening. By watching the video multiple times I realized the song is about young, gay love. I respect Selena so much for bringing this topic up in some of her music. This song shows Selena playing all the characters which include: the high school student, her mother, her father, and her gym teacher. We will write a custom essay sample on Singles of 2017 by Selena Gomez or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It shows at the end of the video her staring at a picture of her female teacher and kissing it. I think this is such an empowering message because some people are scared to talk about the LGBTQI community. This last year has been filled with violence and disputes about gays and their rights. By her bringing this into her music and not being scared has been so inspiring to many young kids and adults. Selena says, â€Å"Trying to distract myself† in â€Å"Bad Liar†. I feel like this is implying that she doesn’t want people to find out and that she doesn’t want to feel what she does. Being gay or lesbian should not have to be something a person has to hide. It should be something that people can embrace and not conceal away. In the last 10 seconds of the video, it previews her next single, â€Å"Fetish†. Now this song was definitely one of the weirder ones. This song was released when Selena and The Weekend were dating. This song pokes at weird and strange love. In â€Å"Fetish† she sings â€Å"I’m not surprised, I sympathize. I can’t deny your appetite†. I think that’s a pretty odd thing to say in a song, but she made it work. Fans think that she wrote this song hinting that she thought The Weeknd was cheating on her. This song seems kind of devious in a way that she shades her now ex. This song picks at different types of love and how it is okay to be a little different. â€Å"Fetish† was the second song in 2017 and I think the least meaningful of the three. The message in this song isn’t very clear from the video, once again, but I could for sure understand it after I researched it. This song was released in July while â€Å"Bad Liar† was released in May a couple months earlier. Her third single of this year, â€Å"Wolvesâ € ,came in November after a long break over the rest of the summer. Selena kind of went into hiding while she was in a battle with her disease lupus. Her disease was the reason she hadn’t released any music in between â€Å"Fetish† and â€Å"Wolves†.The song â€Å"Wolves† came out in November and has increased in popularity since. This song to me has a very strong message. â€Å"Wolves† is about her struggle with lupus and to my surprise lupus in Latin means wolves. It’s crazy how that seemed to work out and the story of her is portrayed so well in this song. Nice play Selena! In the beginning of the song, it says â€Å"sweet divide, a heavy truth.† as in that her disease is her truth. It is saying that she can’t deny the fact that she has lupus and she just has to live with it and fight.I personally have only listened to the song a couple times but I have done research about the song itself. Selena was in need of a kidney transplant and in August she got it. Her life was saved by her best frie nd Francia Raisa. She is an actress and has been in Selena’s life for a while. Lupus has inspired her to write this song and I feel like she could be such an inspiration for just preserving through things. Her music is just part of her life that she shares with the world and she is more than just a singer. As this year came to an end she didn’t have any surprise singles. She rounded out the year on a good note. Selena Gomez has pushed through some of the hardest things anyone can do. From trying to get the perfect lyrics about gay love or to her war with lupus, she still seizes to amaze us. Her songs send very strong messages that most artists are scared to talk about. Selena has taught me especially how to preserve and come out on top. When faced with a difficult situation I personally have been inspired by her to just go through it. She is not just an inspiration to me, but over a hundred million people. Selena tells us that hardships will come and when they do we just have to fight and tough it out. We can achieve anything if we put our minds to it and she has definitely shown us that. â€Å"I want people to be really inspired, to believe they can do whatever they want†-Selena Gomez.

Employment relations Essay Example Essay Example

Employment relations Essay Example Paper Employment relations Essay Introduction Employment relations Employment relations Essay Body Paragraphs Employment relations Historical background Employee relations form part of the fundamental components of business systems through their unique structural features that they impose on various parts of the Australian economy. The analysis of the progress and change in employee relations has been given little attention. Understanding the source and dynamics would be vital in shedding light on the emerging employee relations system. Historically, the industrial revolution was the starting point for the modern employee-employer relationships. The harsh conditions such as dangerous work, low wages and long working hours triggered violent strikes, economic instability and creation of industrial relations to create a middle ground for the economists and proletariat. An industrial relations system is made up of a range of networks between and among employers and employees that are managed through cooperation and differences. Proper industrial relations systems are those in which relationships between all the stakeholders that are employees, employers and representatives are synchronized, harmonious and more cooperative than conflictual. Such conditions create cordial environments that are necessary for economic prosperity as well as the motivation, development and productivity of the workers generating trustworthiness and mutual confidence (Kaufman, 2004). The contemporary employment relations systems indicated a paradigm shift from the traditional industrial relations systems. The contemporary perspective puts a greater focus on the employee as the center of the employment system. Employment relations involve maintaining healthy employer-employee relations that lead to satisfactory motivation and morale. Advice is given to superiors on the dismal performance by employees as well as employee misdemeanors. Information is also given to employees on the company’s goals and objectives. All over the world, organizations exhibit disorganized employee relations systems with flaws such as over-regulation, bureaucracy and suppression of trade union activities. Most of the organizations in the world today exhibit a hybrid of the two systems: the industrial relations and the employee relations systems. The change from the traditional system to a modern system that focuses on the employee has been both positive and negative. Trade unions have a reduced impact on the employees over the years. Even though regulations by anti-union laws control the extent and scope of trade unions, their effect has waned across Australia. Changes within the structure of the economy have manipulated have changed the union membership trends. These changes have made most of the employees become offended and abandon their various union groups in the face of the ruthless reality. Human resource analysts have mentioned that unions have evolved to become unavoidable, but a disadvantage to maintain owing to the tight regulations imposed by the government. The issue of collective voice has been discussed at length by many Australian workers. They all have the right to gain information and consultation on the issues at the workplace. However, in the contemporary employment relations system, these rights are hardly exercised. The government also contributes very little towards sensitizing Australian workers on their right. Non-union workers within Australia are even worse off as they lack the support, advice and training to carry out their functions (Coats, 2012). Pluralism Scholars of industrial relations have come up with three major theoretical perspectives that assist in the understanding of the relations at the workplace. These approaches are known as radical, unitarism and pluralism. In the pluralism approach, the workplace or company is viewed as having different powerful sub-groups with each possessing their own loyalties, leaders and objectives. The most dominant sub-groups within the pluralist model are trade unions and management. The pluralistic ap proach attempts to addresses the conflictual relationship between managers and workers over the allocation of revenues and explains its different aspects. The role of the management then transforms from enforcing and coordination toward persuasion and negotiation (Mullins, 2005). Collective bargaining is used as a means of dealing with conflict. However, conflict is not necessarily deemed a terrible thing as it can be manipulated to produce positive change and evolution. This theory therefore urges managers to let conflicts play out as they hold a greater predisposition for success when compared to harmony. One of the implications of using this approach is that the company should invest in industrial relations specialists who provide advice managers on the best way to handle staffing, union and negotiation matters. The negotiation among employees and employers must also be arbitrated over by external parties. Lastly, within the pluralistic approach, unions are given recognition and provided with the platform to carry out their activities (Blanpain et al, 2009). Unitarism In the unitarism approach, the company is perceived to be one harmonious coalition of employees and employers. The approach assumes that the management and the staff are in constant harmony and share a common objective and purpose. Unitarism, unlike pluralism, demands the loyalty of all employees and being inclined to use the management to enforce this loyalty as well as emphasizing other organizational opinions. Within such environments, the trade unions are considered unnecessary as both employees and the management now that they are expected to be loyal to their organization. In such organizations, conflict is deemed as disruptive to the normal working conditions. A core assumption of this approach is that the management, staff and other stakeholders share a common objective, interest and goal. Unitarism also has a paternalistic aspect that may deny many of the employee relations actors a c hance to express their wishes and achieve their goals. As far as employees are concerned, the unitary approach has the following implications. One, the working conditions are more flexible. Two, any forms of unions are considered to be channels through which the staff and the company can communicate. Three, the employees participation is encouraged and facilitated to empower them in their functions. There is an emphasis on teamwork, creativity, innovation and problem-solving skills (Lansbury, 2012). From the employer’s position, the unitary approach has the following conditions and ramifications. The company’s policies should strive to unify, motivate and inspire employees. There should be proper communications channels along and across the management levels. The employer is also expected to establish reward systems that will entrench devotion and commitment to the firm. All conflicts arising from the staff are assumed to be due to a lack of communication and inadequat e company policies. Lastly, the employer should try as much to integrate the individual employee’s objectives into the organizations goals. Transformation in the industrial relations in Australia The Australian government has been at the forefront in debates concerning employment relations over the last two decades. The introduction of â€Å"high commitment† and â€Å"high performance† as some of the new standards into work systems emphasize the adoption of employee motivation and increased involvement. The reforms within Australian work systems have come about due to collaborative forms of innovation and forceful change due to crises. The new Labor government has also played a large part in shaping and orchestrating the reforms to a more employee-centered system (Verma, 2005). The Labor Party in the period 1983 to 1996 forged many reforms such as the formal Accord with the union organizations to allow the unions to oversee the wage demands while the state would look into economic reforms. Later on, the Labor Party opened the industrial relations field by authorizing non-union contracts in the workplace. The reforms included fostering industrial democracy and increase employee participation. The Hawke Labor government later dropped this system and adopted a policy called managed decentralism. This policy ensured the abolishment of wage indexation and the introduction of a two-tier wage system. The most affected areas were the automobile and the steel industries. At this juncture, certain laws addressing the relationship between employees and employers were adopted. The Minimum conditions of Employment Act of 1993 served as the origin of unitary reforms within the work system of Australia. Much later in 1996, the fragmented flexibility policy was adopted. This allowed a more fragmented system that had individual bargaining allowance between employers and employers. Currently, the Australian workplace has slight improvements that are based t he fragmented flexibility policy adopted in 1996. In the recent years, there has been a move to introduce management strategy as a way of dealing with industrial relations issues and challenges. This developed work system introduced new aspects such as the Occupational Safety and Health Act, the Mines Safety and Inspection Act as well as the Workers’ Compensation and Injury Management Act. These policies address the health, safety and working conditions of workers in Australia. Currently, the thre most dominant reforms applying in the industrial relations sector include the Industrial Relations Act 197, the Employment Dispute Resolution Act 2008 and the Minimum Conditions of Employment Act 1993. References Bamber, G., Lansbury, R. D., Wailes, N. (2011). International and comparative employment relations: Globalization and change. Los Angeles: SAGE. Blanpain, R., Bromwich, W., Rymkevich, O., Spattini, S., Aparicio, V. L. (2009). The modernization of labour law and industrial relations in a comparative perspective. Austin: Wolters Kluwer Law Business. Coats D. (2012) Time for a rethink: a new employment relations system for the UK. IPA. 30 September 2010. Retrieved from http://www.ipa-involve.com/news/time-for-a-rethink-a-new-employment-relations-system-for-the-uk/ Kaufman, Bruce E. (2004). Theoretical Perspectives on Work and the Employment Relationship. Industrial Relations Research Association Lansbury R. D. (2012) Workplace change and employment relations reform in Australia: Prospects for a new Social partnership? Australian Review of Public Affairs. Retrieved from http://www.australianreview.net/journal/v1/n1/lansbury.pdf Mullins, Laurie J (2005). Management and Organizational Behavior. FT Prentice Hall. Verma A. (2005) What Do Unions Do to the Workplace? Union Impact on Management and HRM Policies. Journal of Labor Research. Retrieved from http://www.wallnetwork.ca/resources/Verma.UnionImpactOnHRM.JLR2005.pdf We will write a custom essay sample on Employment relations Essay Example specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Employment relations Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Employment relations Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

The Rude French Myth

The Rude French Myth Its hard to think of a more common stereotype about the French than the one about how rude they are. Even people who have never set foot in France take it upon themselves to warn potential visitors about the rude French.The fact is that there are polite people and there are rude people in every country, city, and street on Earth. No matter where you go, no matter who you talk to, if you are rude, they will be rude back. Thats just a given, and France is no exception. However, there is no universal definition of rudeness. Something which is rude in your culture may not be rude in another, and vice versa. This is the key to understanding the two issues behind the rude French myth. Politeness and respect When in Rome, do as the Romans do are words to live by. When youre in France, that means you should make an effort to speak some French. No one expects you to be fluent, but knowing a few key phrases goes a long way. If nothing else, know how to say bonjour and merci, and as many polite terms as possible. Dont go to France expecting to be able to speak English to everyone. Dont tap someone on the shoulder and say Hey, wheres the Louvre? You wouldnt want a tourist to tap you on the shoulder and start jabbering away in Spanish or Japanese, right? In any case, English may be the international language, but it is far from being the only language, and the French, in particular, expect visitors to know this.  In the cities, you will be able to get by with English, but you should use whatever French you can first, even if its just Bonjour Monsieur, parlez-vous anglais?Related to this is the ugly American  syndrome - you know, the tourist who goes around yelling at everyone in English, d enouncing everyone and everything French, and eating at only McDonalds. Showing respect for another culture means enjoying what it has to offer, rather than searching for signs of ones own home. The French are very proud of their language, culture, and country. If you are respectful of the French and their heritage, they will respond in kind. French personality The other aspect of the rude French myth is based on a misunderstanding of the French personality. People from many cultures smile upon meeting new people, and Americans in particular smile a lot, in order to be friendly. The French, however, dont smile unless they mean it, and they dont smile when talking to a perfect stranger. Therefore, when an American smiles at a French person whose face remains impassive, the former tends to feel that the latter is unfriendly. How hard would it be to smile back? the American might wonder. How rude! What you need to understand is that its not meant to be rude; its simply the way of the French. The Rude French? If you make an effort to be polite by speaking a bit of French, asking rather than demanding  that people speak English, and showing respect for French culture, and if you avoid taking it personally when your smile isnt returned, youll have a hard time finding the rude French. In fact, youll be pleasantly surprised to discover how very friendly and helpful the natives are.Still not convinced? Dont take our  word for it.

Human development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Human development - Essay Example This paper will discuss how the views of Gesell and Piaget differ on the developmental changes that occur. Gesell believed that believed that the child’s personality is the product of slow gradual growth whereas Piaget believed that the acquisition of knowledge is a process of continuous self-construction (Silverthorn, 1999). According to Piaget, human development occurs gradually through a series of ordered sequential stages whereas Arnold Gesell’s concept of maturation is based on ‘intrinsic growth’ which takes place naturally and almost automatically. Piaget believed that growth of knowledge is a progressive construction of logically embedded structures. The lower less powerful structures merge with the higher more powerful ones as the development takes place up to adulthood. Gesell argued that the child’s development is influenced by two factors – child is a product of environment but genes are more important. The unfoldment takes place in a particular sequence which should not be ignored (Tennessen, 1997). Each child is unique and the rate of development varies. The development according to Gesell does not proceed in a staircase manner but is fluent and continuous (Packer, n.d.). The human life cycle is governed by natural laws but according to Piaget the child acts on and interacts with the immediate world to construct an increasingly elaborate concept of reality. Through experience a child may form some incomplete ideas, which may lead him to contradictory conclusions, and the process of resolving these may further lead to more complex thinking and learning. Gesell’s perception is based on the maturational theory which states that the chief principle of developmental change is maturation. He described in detail how behavior changes with age. Cognitive development refers to the changes in the cognitive structures and processes. It describes children as the active solver of problems and the child’s

Inner City Violence Video Lecture Critique Coursework

Inner City Violence Video Lecture Critique - Coursework Example The speaker’s main point appears credible given that the evidence is in the miraculous outcomes that he gives. The theme is credible as it tries to combine social science, street reality, and moral urgency. However, the presentation seems exaggerated as the speaker either appeared too unreserved or got too far along the speech dismissing the beliefs of minorities that policing or drug policy is an economic scheme to reinstate slavery, prior to admitting that it is essentially justified (Kennedy, 2011). I agree with the speaker that there is a socially built illusion. This is justified by the way he mobilizes the traditions of the imposing escapade tale to illustrate what people should have already known. It is true that everyone who engaged in the city crime crisis shares a lot of character traits with each other than any other person involved shares with anyone else. I also agree that people in a community, such as cops, crime victims, shooters, and the families; all begin from one point in life. In fact, they are the same people caught up in extreme circumstances, rather than a permanently and radically different kind o individual as some might think. Despite the fact that I agree with the above issues as presented, I disagree with the speaker’s point that the urban communities with high rates of criminal cases have a breakdown within the three parts namely; the victims, the police, and the residents. According to him, the three have fake perceptions about each other, making them unable to deal with crime appropriately. This is not actually the case because every individual has a role to play as an element of society, and the failure to keep peace ought not to be a one-group’s role. Further, I disagree with his motive to show the reason as to why crime decreased during the 1990s because it fails to address some earlier theories that relate to his story (Harding, 2010). The presentation, and the book in general is a must

What problems in other approaches to political analysis has feminism Essay

What problems in other approaches to political analysis has feminism sought to address - Essay Example Such a strategy can become an obstacle in managing efficiently, the types of problems, as described above. Precaution needs to be taken not to unnecessarily reject an approach leading to actual analysis, thus limiting feminist considerations (Lawson, 1999). The aim of feminist approaches in politics is to change the research and practice of politics, differentiating it from actions that just include women or links between women and men as a field of significance. For many academicians, a major add-on is the notion of ‘gender’. Although this term is mostly taken for ‘women’, feminist study is precautious to differentiate between ‘sex’, biological variations between women and men and ‘gender’, social contexts provided to these differences in terms. A change to gender has two wide implications: one is to shift the attention away from biological sex to framed gender identities, and the other is that it shifts overall concern with women while thinking of the effect of masculinities and femininities, besides the relations between men and women, on political awareness and results (Childs and Krook, 2006). Given women’s concurrent cornering from the political arena, centring on ‘women’ becomes significant for measuring designs of political empowerment, attitudes and impacts. Nevertheless, theories of gender provide an opportunity to study more deeply by researching masculinities and femininities, along with the comparative ranking of men and women, in the behaviour of political life. Another aim of feminists is to widen the scope of ‘politics’. Political scholars are in the habit of using this term to mean formal political procedures in relation to government and elections. Nevertheless, women’s movement activism has led scientists to theorize two more meanings. On the one side, feminists have enlarged the meaning of ‘politics’ to include informal politics and the f orces of routine life. Feminists view social movements as a type of inclusion equal to their participation inside the state (Beckwith, 2007)). On the same line, they point out towards the power relations that cover all aspects of social life, including relations within the private arena, assuming ‘the personal is political’ (Okin, 1979)). Other than that, feminists and postmodern theorists have also followed a concept of ‘politics’ as any representation of power relations (Butler, 1990)). This approach separates most from positivist premises, theorizing about not only the politics of the state and social movements but also the politics of language (Driscoll & Krook, 2011). A third trait of feminist study is a dedication to bring about political transformation. In certain cases, this aim is employed as an opposition to feminist work on the basis that it is not ‘objective’, as political aims intrude with the finding of ‘truth’ (Hamme rsley and Gomm, 1997)). In reaction to these objections, feminist philosophers debate for identifying the contextual and incomplete nature of all knowledge assertions, with some ideating that the outlooks of the sidelined should be considered as a man for creating relatively sound knowledge about the world (Hartsock, 1983)). Irrespective of their methodological approaches, which may catapult between wide agreement of the present instruments of the subject, a state called as feminist empiricism, to tryst

Complement Products Of 2kg Milo Marketing Essay

Complement Products Of 2kg Milo Marketing Essay Nestles commitment to providing quality products to Malaysians dates back almost 100 years ago. Nestle began in Malaysia in 1912 as the Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company in Penang and later, growth and expansion made a move to Kuala Lumpur necessarily in 1939.Since 1962, with its first factory in Petaling Jaya, Nestle Malaysia now manufactures its products in 7 factories and operates from its head office in Mutiara Damansara.   The Company was publicly listed on the KLSE (now known as Bursa Malaysia Berhad) on 13 December, 1989. Today, the Company employs more than 5000 employees, manufactures and markets more than 300 Halal products in Malaysia. Its brand name such has MILO ®, NESCAFe ®, MAGGI ®, NESPRAY ®Ã‚  and KIT KAT ®Ã‚  have become trusted household names and enjoyed for generations. Nestle Malaysia was the first to voluntarily request for Halal Certification of all its food products when it was first introduced in 1996. This does not imply that Nestle products in Malaysia were not halal prior to that.The certified Halal status for all Nestle Malaysia products provides assurance that Nestle products are manufactured, imported and distributed under the strictest hygienic and sanitary condition in accordance to the Islamic faith. As part of journey towards healthiness, Nestle, through its vision of Nourishing Malaysia, continues to invest in RD, innovate further and renovate existing products to ensure they are more nutritious and healthier by reducing salt, sugar, and fats content to complement the Governments efforts via the 10-Year National Plan of Action for Nutrition to create a healthier Malaysian society. Nestle reaches out to the community everyday and in multitude ways. From helping single mothers to underprivileged children, nourishing budding athletes to mentoring programmes, and bringing nutrition awareness through various activities Nestle is firmly committed to its promise of Nourishing Malaysia. Today, as it continues growing with the nation, Nestle actively seeks avenues in which it can promote healthy lifestyles and wellness in Malaysia as part of its promise of Good Food, Good Life. 1.2Product brand line Nestle Company has introduced many types of products into the market with different brands. The products include junior foods, milk, breakfast cereals, hot cereals, creamers, beverages, coffee, culinary products, chilled dairy, ice-cream, confectionary and chocolate, health science and performance nutrition. The junior food is known as Cerelac. The milk products are Everyday, Lactogen 3, Mom Me, Nan Grow 3, Nan Ha 3, Nan Kid 4, Nespray Cergas, Nespray Full Cream, Nestle Low Fat Milk and Omega Plus Adult Milk. The types of breakfast cereals include Cookie Crisp, Corn Flakes, Fitnesse, Honey Stars, Koko Krunch, Koko Krunch Duo, Milo Cereals and Multi Grain Cheerios. The hot cereals are Nestum Mixed Cereal and Nesvita 3 in 1 Cereal Drinks. The creamer is known as Coffee-Mate. The beverages are Milo with different kinds of packing, Milo Sejuk and Nestea. The brand name of coffee is Nescafe. Maggi 2-Minute Noodles, Maggi culinary sauces, Maggi flavour solutions, Maggi Mi Goreng, Maggi recipe solution and Maggi Soakable are the culinary products of Nestle Company. While the chilled dairy includes Bliss, Fat Free Yogurt, Natural Set Yogurt and Smooth and Fruity Yogurt. The health science products are Nutren Fibre, Nutren Junior, Nutren Optimum, Nutren Untuk Diabetik, Peptamen and Peptamen Junior. The performance nutrition products are Powerbar Beverage System, Powerbar Gel, Powerbar Performance Bar, Powerbar ProteinPlus and Powerbar Triple Threat. 1.3Product introduction A package of 2 Kg Milo is a milk beverage with chocolate and malt. Milo is very popular in Philippines and Malaysia, where the brand name issynonymous with chocolate flavoured drinks, Malaysians were said to be the worlds largest consumers of Milo. This is becauseMilo was once used as a nutrient supplement when it was first introduced in thecountry, and has thus gained a reputation as a must-have drink for the elder andthe younger generations. Milo manufactured in Malaysia is made to dissolve wellin hot water to produce a smooth hot chocolate drink, or with ice added for a colddrink. A package of 2 Kg Milo in Malaysia is served in coffee shop and mamak stalls offering different versions such as Milo Dinosaur, a cup of Milo with an extra spoonful of powdered undisclosed Milo added to it, Milo Godzilla, a cup of Milo with ice cream or topped with whipped cream and the combination of Milo with Nescafe powdered coffee called Neslo. Besides, a package of 2 Kg Milo can consume in many others way. It can added to hot or cold milk to give it a malt chocolate flavour and extra texture. When combined with cold milk, it retains the gritty texture of itsraw state. Milo can be stirred into steamed milk or hot water to create somethingsimilar to hot chocolate or cocoa. Sugar can be added to the Milo beverage, butmany people enjoy it without the addition of sweeteners, appreciating it for its subtle chocolate flavour. Another popular use is to sprinkle it on ice cream, especiallyvanilla ice cream. Moreover, Milo can also be sprinkled on breakfast cereals. 1.4A package of 2Kg Milo as a normal goods A package of 2 Kg Milo is categorized as a normal good because as individual receives more income, they tend to increases their purchases on this product. As income rises, consumers shift to purchase their initial preferred brand which is normal good and decrease their demand for the inferior good. The income of each consumer will affect the demand of 2 Kg Milo. When the income of consumersincreases, the purchasing power of consumer will increase as well and thus they will buy more units of the Milo beverage. As a result, its demand will increase. This indicates that the income of consumers influences the demand of Milo beverage and determines that Milo 2kg pack is normal good. 1.5.1Complement products of 2Kg Milo Complement goods are the goods that must be used together or simultaneously. One of the complement products of Milo is sweetened beverage creamer. It is a creamy and tasty milk product prepared from dairy cows milk, refined sugar, milk fat and vegetable oil.  Ã‚  It is filled with vitamins A, D, and B1 and is ideal to use in making beverages and foods to enhance the taste and smoothness. People usually add some sweetened beverage creamer into Milo beverage and it makes the Milo tastes sweet and enhances the aroma of Milo. In term of complement goods, an increase in the price of one good will cause a decrease in the demand for the other good. Therefore, if the price of Milo increases, the demand for sweetened beverage creamer will decrease or vice versa. Another complement product of Milo is cream cracker. A cream cracker is a flat, dry, crunchy biscuit and is light brown in colour usually square savoury biscuit. They are made from wheat flour and yeast. Most of the people dip the cream cracker into the Milo beverage before putting it into their mouths. Since it is complement good of Milo, the increase or decrease of price of Milo will has impact on the demand of cream cracker. So, if the price of Milo decreases, the demand of cream cracker will increase. 1.5.2 Substitute products of 2Kg Milo A package of 2 Kg Milo has its substitute products or competitors. The most famous substitute products of Milo drinks are Vico and Ovaltine. According to the law of demand, when the price of a product is higher than the substitutes, consumer will buy more units of substitutes. However, Milo which has higher price than its substitutes, Vico and Ovaltine, actually has better sales than them. This is surprising because it is not following the law of demand. This clearly shows how much effort Milos company has put in to build up the reputation and confidence from the consumers. 1.6Market structure A package of 2 kg Milo is a coco-based beverage in monopolistic competition market. In this market, coco-based beverage has the characteristics of many sellers and buyers, differentiated product, price makers and spend money in advertisements to convince consumers. Other than Milo, there are many sellers in this market such as Vico and Ovaltine because of the easy market entry and leads to the increase in the number of competitors which will compete with Milo. Therefore, the company spends a large amount of money in differentiating itself from competitors which are also selling similar products. Its effort can be seen in the product of 2 kg Milo. Milo is action packed with the natural goodness of malt, skimmed milk and cocoa and improved with ACTIGEN-E, a unique combination of 8 vitamins and 4 minerals, which helps in optimal release of energy from food. Therefore, this product is popular among elder and younger generation. As a monopolistic competitive firm, Milo is a price maker company that set its own price for its products. Milo charges higher prices compared to its competitors because it develops varied products by recognizing different types of chocolate beverage. For example, Milo with PROTOMALT contains malt extract which is a mixture of different types of carbohydrates that provides energy and nutrients the body needswhich is safe to be consumed by consumers from different ages.Therefore, the products are sold at higher prices for the unique benefits of products and the cost of producing it. In addition, Milo also spends money in advertisements to convince their consumers. Every year, it will advertise its products in different channels such as newspaper, television and internet. By promoting its products through advertisements, Milo has attracted new customers bases who do not know its products well before and promote its unique formula and benefits of their products to the consumers. Part 2 In the market, the price of 2kg pack Milo is RM31.29 while the price of one of its competitors, Vico is RM30.79. The price of Milo is slightly higher than Vico. There are three main reasons why Milo selling price are higher than Vico, which are the effort on advertisements, different taste and preference and the production and cost of Milo. First and foremost, to make Milo more well-known and to increase the demand of Milo all over Malaysia, Milo make a lot of promotion compare to the competitors, Vico. However, Vico make less effort on advertising its product. Milo makes sure that the advertisements are attractive through all the possible media. Milo makes promotion and advertising through television, internet, newspaper, radio station and leaflets. These promotion activities cost a lot. For example, advertisement of a mother give her children a cup of Milo beverage before going to school will charge with high energy and get enthusiasm. It is effective because many buyers spend money to buy Milo since the advertisements have successfully attracted their attention. Milo firm need to pay extra cost for its advertising cost to sell more Milo. Therefore, the price of Milo is higher compare to Vico. Another reason why Milo can sell higher price compare to Vico is because of the taste and preference. Milo is one of the most recognizable brands in Malaysia. Milo brings the nostalgic taste compare to Vico. Milo captures all the features and nutritional benefits of Vico. Milo contains PPROTOMALT, a malt extract found only in Milo, but not Vico. PROTOMALT provides complex carbohydrates, a good source of energy for a balanced diet. Furthermore, Milo has constantly improved the nutritional values of Milo by making it more wholesome and nutritious while ensuring that every delicious mug of Milo delivers the same energy goodness. Moreover, the production and cost of Milo differentiated it from its competitors, Vico. To produce one product, the firm need a good raw material. For Milo, it needs to get raw material such as cocoa from cocoa supplier. If the supplier increases the cocoa price, it will also affect the price of Milo because the Milos cost of production will increase. In Malaysia, Milo needs to import cocoa. The suppliers for basic ingredients like cocoa can increase price resulting in high price for Milo in comparison with Vico. Hence, Milo is a beverage for everyone which suitable for all income level since the price that set by the company is affordable. Although the price of Milo is slightly higher compare to its competitor, Vico, it does not affect the market demand of Milo. Instead, Milo is very competitive since the price is high in quality and most of the consumer does consume the beverage for the taste and preference not the matter of price. Part 3 Firm Advantages Differentiated Products Milos company runs in monopolistic competition market where Milo is a differentiated product. Milo is said to be differentiated from other competitive product because Milo is actually different enough compared to other substitutes although they are similar. As mentioned previously, Milo do contains PROTOMALT and ANTIGEN-E which are not available in the substitutes. This is what makes Milo so different compared to other coco drinks. Besides that, because of doing a lot of advertisement, its green-coloured package is widely recognised in the society compared to other coco drinks. Therefore, even Milo is slightly more expensive than the competitors, Milo is still the primary choice of most consumers. Engagement in advertisement In accordance to what is mentioned above, Milos company does advertisement very frequently in every form of mass media to promote Milo. Because of this, Milo became very well-known to every consumer in the market. The engagement also strengthens Milos differentiation in the market as consumers know how special Milo is compared to other substitutes. Furthermore, consumers will be fed with information of the special features of Milo in terms of how Milo affects ones energy level and health and what special nutrition Milo contains and even special offers. This ensures the consumers are kept informed on every new features and breakthrough of Milo so that they will continue their support toward Milo. As a result, this indirectly maintained or even improved the sales of Milo. Firm Disadvantages High Expenses Milos company has quite high expenses to operate in monopolistic competition market. A big portion of expenses are actually used in marketing and advertising as they are always renewing and revising their contents in advertisements. The work to come out with new advertisement needs cost as well. Besides that, the cost in researching new formula for enhancement of Milos taste and healthiness could not be neglected as well. Apart from that, costs of designing and implementing new appearance of packages have also contributed a lot in the total expenditure. Yet, these expenses could not be ignored as the company need to ensure Milos differentiation within the market or other competitive companies might take over their status in the market. Threat of competitors One of the characteristics of monopolistic competition market is the entry and exit of new firms are free. Therefore, Milos company which operates in this market will face many competitors and each of them will somehow have their own special features in their respective product. Because of that, Milos company will need to put extra effort to maintain its status in the market and not being replaced by the other competitive companies. They need to always revise and come out with new features install in Milo. For example, they have just come out with a new feature called the Milo Sejuk, which consumers can straight away mix cold water into the Milo powder instead of hot water. Consumer Advantages Informational advertisements Milo, a product from monopolistic competition market, is often being seen on advertisements from television, radio and signboards. Because of the regular advertisements made by the company, consumers are always kept informed on the uniqueness of Milo, likely the types of ingredients used, instead of other substitutes. Therefore, consumers always know the benefits they will probably get after purchasing Milo, either benefits on health or implicit benefits. Therefore, consumers need not to worry on the quality of Milo and can have full confidence on it. Enjoy new features As consumers of Milo in monopolistic competition market, they can enjoy frequent update from Milo in terms of the products features. As mentioned above, Milos company who faces many competitive forces needs to always revise and renew Milos feature. As a result, this actually gives consumers an opportunity to enjoy more new features from Milo. For example, when Milo is added with new nutrition, consumers enjoy the healthier Milo. When Milo Sejuk is introduced, consumers enjoy more convenience in consuming Milo. Consumer Disadvantages High price Because of the nature of monopolistic competition market, Milo which is categorised in this market is sold in a relatively higher price. As mentioned, Milos company has put many efforts to ensure the excellence of its product in many aspects, such as the nutritional value, recognisable packaging and most importantly the informational advertisements and these uses a lot of money. Therefore, Milos company has no choice but to increase the prices of Milo to cover the expenses made in the production of Milo. Part 4 Our research product Milo was introduced in Malaysia in 1950 and has won the affection of many Malaysians. Milo 2kg is Malaysians much-loved beverage. Milo 2kg is not just an ordinary coco malt drink. It contains PROTOMALT, a malted barley extract that supplies complex carbohydrates, the preferred, recommended source of energy in a balanced diet. It also has a good part of the nutrients naturally present in barley. Milo 2kg contain nutritional icon on each pack reinforces the nutritional properties that consumer can get from every cup of nutritious and great-tasting Milo. Milo 2kg packaging is the most direct and largest communication vehicle that the organization had with the most impressions they can deliver. Its distinguishes its product through easily recognizable packaging which is its green colour packaging. The firm also makes some effort in the advertisement to convince the consumer or potential consumer to purchase and consume their product. Advertising such as creates a creative slogan in order to make sure consumer will remember Milo. Example of slogan is Buy Milo 2kg free 200g. To make Milo 2kg more interesting to buy, the firm adds some cereal. The cereal will increase the cost of production and at the same time, the price of Milo will also increase. That is why quality factor can affect the price of Milo. After our research for the assignment, we found that the assignment was useful for us. From the assignment, we know more about four market structures. Our research product, Milo 2kg pack, had certainly assist us for a better understanding on the monopolistic competition market. We knew that monopolistic competition market is a market which is characterized by many small sellers, a differentiated product and easy market entry and exist. We understand that the many-sellers condition is met when each firm is so small relative to the total market that its pricing decisions have a negligible effect on the market price. We comprehend that when a product is differentiated, buyers are not indifferent as to which sellers product they buy. Besides, we knew that different kind of product will have distinguished level of demand from the communities. If a product has a high demand, it will attract other producer to produce the same or even better product. As a result, there will be a lot of compe titors and competition. All the producers will make their product popular and more favourable. 26_01b Economic Profit Normal Profit26_01a Our empirical findings in this research had fulfilled our expectations regarding economics. In the short run, Milos company in monopolistic competition able to make economic profits, but in the long run these will be competed away and the Milos company will only be able to make normal profit. In the short run and long run, Milos company will maximise their profit by maximization rule where marginal cost equal to marginal revenue (MC =MR). In the short run, price (Demand Curve) is exceeding the ATC (Average Total Cost ) curve and Milos company can make economic profit. However, in the long run, new firms will be attracted into the industry by the economic profits. The entry of new firms leads to an  increase  in the supply of differentiated products, which causes Milos company market demand curve to shift to the  left.   As the entry of the market increases, Milos company demand curve will continue shifting to the left until it is tangent to the average total cost curve at the profit maximizing level of output. At this point, Milos company economic profits are zero, and there is no longer any incentive for new firms to enter the market. Thus, in the long-run, the competition brought about by the entry of new firms will cause each firm in a monopolistic competitive market to earn normal profits. If we intend to establish a company, we will choose monopoly market which is large in size, to enter. We choose monopoly market because monopoly is a market structure characterize by single seller, others are impossible to entry our market, a unique product and most importantly, we will be the price makers. Firstly, in monopoly, a single firm is the industry. This is because we will be the only one producer or seller exists for a product. Because of single firm in the industry, we will produce output at lower per unit cost than two or more firms. Our monopoly firm will provides the total supply of a product in a given market. For example, we can run as the only Mexican Food in Kampar area. Secondly, there are barriers to entry into monopoly market that prevent competition. In comparison to prefect competition, there are no constrains to prevent new firms from entering an industry. Barriers such as legal barriers, economies of scale, network good and ownership of an essential resource. These barriers are so high that prevent any other firm from entering the market we chosen that is monopoly market. This will certainly give us incumbent advantages. We will earn normal profit in the short run too. Next, we will have a unique product. A unique product means there are no close substitutes for the monopolists product. Thus, we face little or no competition. In reality, however, there are few, if any, products that have no close substitutes. Lastly, we will be the price makers. Price makers means we will have to power to control the price. Sometimes, we as a seller can charge different customers, different prices, for the same good or service when the cost of providing the good or services does not differ among customers. We choose monopoly market because the price discrimination is possible only with monopoly or where members of a small group of firms follow identical pricing policies. In a conclusion, we will choose monopoly market as monopoly is a market structure characterize by single seller, others are impossible to entry our market, a unique product and most importantly, we will be the price makers.

self mutilation Essay -- essays research papers

Main Entry: self–mu†¢ti†¢la†¢tion Pronunciation: -"myà ¼t-&-'lA-sh&n Function: noun : injury or disfigurement of oneself Psychological characteristics of self-injurers Hate themselves, feel inadequate Tend to suppress rage Are usually angry , most of the time at themselves Are very sensitive to rejection Have aggressive feelings which usually get turned inward Are anxious and irritable Tend to be depressed suicidal and self destructive Are bad at controlling impulses, and do things for how they feel at the time Tend not to plan for the future, and do not put effort into excelling at work or school Tend to be avoidant Feel as if they have no control 97% are women 57% overdose on drugs along with the injuring Self mutilation is a subject that we are all aware of, but don’t usually try to learn more about. When you think of self mutilation you think of cutters and suicide attempts right? Well that is right to some extent; Yes Cutting is the most common self injuring method , but other severe forms of self mutation include†¦burning , self hitting , interference with wound healing hai...

Career Goal Essay Essay

What is a goal? Is it the golden destination of one’s life, or a distinctive pathway that leads to this longed trophy? Or is it the ideas and sentiments behind this sought out milestone? For myself, the goal of what path my life should take has changed many a times throughout my childhood and young adulthood; but the idea behind this goal, or should I say these goals, has forever remained the same. As a little girl running around my neighborhood streets, all I could ever think of becoming when I grew older was a doctor. At any gathering, countless relatives would ask me of what I wanted to be when I grew up, and the answer was always the same: a doctor. I never fully understood at the time what it was about becoming a doctor that made it such an aspiration for me, but the picture became clearer as I aged. Moving through the staircase of life, I felt my aspirations shift a tiny bit. Although, the tiny little girl inside me was still determined to be the doctor that would save countless lives, a larger part of me pictured myself standing in front of a classroom parting wisdom on to younger minds. I imagined creating lectures and inspiring little children into doing big things for their society. Yet still, my mind had not completely settled. As I grew older still and entered University, I started finding myself more and more interested in the issues of the social work and the criminal justice system. I found myself drone towards not only crimes and their victims, but also towards what created circumstances fit for the formation of a criminal. The entire world surrounding the criminal justice system engulfed me, and this is where I decided to change my major to Criminal Justice. I found myself more and more keen to study about criminals not only to keep our society safe from criminals, but also to prevent flowers of our own society from wilting and turning into criminals. I wondered why my career choices were so sporadic, and what caused me to be pulled towards them. By pondering over this, I realized that although these career choices may be far separated from each other, the idea behind them all was the same. My goal in life was not to become a doctor, or a teacher, or anything else; but my goal in life was to help people. What I wanted most out of my life was to positively affect as many people’s life as I could through my line of work in addition to my everyday activities. This realization has helped me shape my career goals in an effective manner. I aspire to use my studies to not only help stop and prevent crime, but also to understand the causes behind

DVD Players vs. VCR Players essays

DVD Players vs. VCR Players essays The VCR, which was invented in 1971 by Sony, has had its share of good years in the United States but the new device on the block are the DVD players. The DVD player was invented in 1996 in Japan, but in 1997 only a year later, it was first acknowledged in the United States. The DVD player has simplified the lives of many people around the world for three main reasons: quality, simplicity, and multiplicity. The quality of a DVD player while playing a DVD opposed to a VCR playing a videotape is completely different. The DVD player has a sharp and flamboyant picture; on the other hand, the VCR has a dull and sometimes streaky picture. After many years of purchasing videotapes and placing them on a shelf in your living room, the tapes become dusty which unfortunately affects the clarity of your movie once placed into your VCR. Any person who has experienced a VCR before is familiar with the tracking button on your remote control. The purpose of this button is to continuously press the button until the movie on your television is crystal clear again. The DVD player doesnt have this inconvenience, so anyone can enjoy a movie without the hassle of having poor quality. The simplicity of a DVD player is that it is simple to use. The moment you insert a DVD into the player all a person has to do is press play, and when that person has finished the movie he or she can merely eject the DVD from the player. There isnt any rewinding involved with a DVD, which is one less thing to do. The final splendid feature involves the ability to skip from chapter to chapter of a movie to find where he or she had left off during the movie instead of fast forwarding throughout it the whole time. A DVD player has a multiplicity of options that are imbedded into it. For example, a feature that reaches out to people who may not speak English in the United States is one of them. This feature allows a person to change the original language of ...

How to Use Raoults Law to Calculate Vapor Pressure Change

How to Use Raoult's Law to Calculate Vapor Pressure Change This example problem demonstrates how to use Raoults Law to calculate the change in vapor pressure by adding a nonvolatile liquid to a solvent. Problem What is the change in vapor pressure when 164 g of glycerin (C3H8O3) is added to 338 mL of H2O at 39.8 Â °C.The vapor pressure of pure H2O at 39.8 Â °C is 54.74 torrThe density of H2O at 39.8 Â °C is 0.992 g/mL. Solution Raoults Law can be used to express the vapor pressure relationships of solutions containing both volatile and nonvolatile solvents. Raoults Law is expressed byPsolution ÃŽ §solventP0solvent wherePsolution is the vapor pressure of the solutionÃŽ §solvent is mole fraction of the solventP0solvent is the vapor pressure of the pure solvent Determine the Mole Fraction of Solution molar weightglycerin (C3H8O3) 3(12)8(1)3(16) g/molmolar weightglycerin 36848 g/molmolar weightglycerin 92 g/molmolesglycerin 164 g x 1 mol/92 gmolesglycerin 1.78 molmolar weightwater 2(1)16 g/molmolar weightwater 18 g/moldensitywater masswater/volumewatermasswater densitywater x volumewatermasswater 0.992 g/mL x 338 mLmasswater 335.296 gmoleswater 335.296 g x 1 mol/18 gmoleswater 18.63 molÃŽ §solution nwater/(nwater nglycerin)ÃŽ §solution 18.63/(18.63 1.78)ÃŽ §solution 18.63/20.36ÃŽ §solution 0.91 Find the Vapor Pressure of the Solution Psolution ÃŽ §solventP0solventPsolution 0.91 x 54.74 torrPsolution 49.8 torr Find the Change in Vapor Pressure Change in pressure is Pfinal - POChange 49.8 torr - 54.74 torrchange -4.94 torr Answer The vapor pressure of the water is reduced by 4.94 torr with the addition of the glycerin.

Is playtime valuable in the primary school Essay - 2

Is playtime valuable in the primary school - Essay Example s the most important part of school for us and we all have observed the regular noisy and slightly chaotic school playground, we know for sure that children do not utilize that time to improve their physical strength. But the fact of the matter is that by regularly exercising their bodies they are indeed doing the very same thing. Research has suggested that overweight and obese children are often socially withdrawn and display aggressive–disruptive behavior (PPSG, 2005). And it has also been shown that children who have little or no physical activity during preschool up till primary schooling are prone to obesity and hence carry a higher risk of cardiovascular diseases. Children who tend to be more active during their early years usually go on to have a higher proportion of muscle mass as compared to reclusive children who do not indulge in physical activity during playtime. One point to be noted here is that restricted movement in playtime also reduces the positive effect that playtime has in this aspect. Playtimes should therefore offer children an important opportunity to increase their daily physical activity through â€Å"unstructured physical activity during playtimes† (WHO 2007) The benefits of playtime are not only restricted to physical well being. Various studies have shown that playtime has positive effect on building the social skills of children. Children are mostly free from prejudices and hence they do not usually judge the other person based on their background and ethnicity if it has not been instilled in them by their elders. Hence children from different backgrounds mingle in the playground. Their â€Å"play† is seen as a social act much the same as people going out for dinner or grabbing a drink together (Smith, 2010). Children from ethnic backgrounds and children with disabilities benefit from free play at playtime in terms of social development and inclusion. It has also been seen that children benefit from physical playtime activity in

Biodiversity of the Ecosystem in Taxon Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Biodiversity of the Ecosystem in Taxon - Essay Example The first period of evolution of insect is called Devonian. Development of body parts was the first major part of evolution of insects. There are three major part of insect body namely Head, Thorax and Abdomen. Insects belong to each group of ecosystem. They can live in water, air and on land and trees also. There are various developments in their structure according to their adaptations. Like when insects start flying they developed wings. They also developed compound eyes to have good sight and navigation. To support their bones they have a strong skin. Slowly according to their habitat they modified their body structure. Folded wings made them compact in size. The latest modification in the structure of insect is the evolution from larvae. This made them to evolve independently. Their mouth, limb, wings and other parts developed. The development of mouth happened according to the food habits. They developed sucking mouth to suck the nectar from flowers. They generally depend on liquid diet. Change in flower structure caused to the change in the mouth structure of insects. The evolution of insects was a very long process. However threat to them is much and should be preserved to save ecosystem.

Proposal that lays out the security challenges faced by a large health Research Paper - 1

Proposal that lays out the security challenges faced by a large health care provider. In a loose sense, you are doing a risk assessment for ABC Hospital - Research Paper Example The units that are under security threat include infant, pediatric, pharmacy and psychiatric unit. One of the major security threats facing hospitals is one of terrorism. Terrorism is the most common security threat facing the world today. Terrorism is perpetrated by a group of people as a show of opposition to a particular authority. Terrorism is also conducted with an intention of inducing fear or causing great anxiety to a large population so that the group may become coerced to accede to particular demands of perpetrators. Hospitals are not immune to terrorisms as victims in such case can make the government given in to terrorist demands. Terrorists may access hospitals disguised as visitors or they can get in ambulances pretending to be bringing in emergency cases. Consequently, ABC should understand that it is not immune from terrorism and must therefore put measures to control access into the facility (Shukla 50). The other threat facing hospitals is the threat of fire. According to Shukla (50), threat of fire is a great challenge facing health care facilities given that in this environment; patients depend on the staff during the case of fire. The risk of fire increase due to lack of alertness, limited mobility and fixed equipments found in hospitals. In addition, the activities conducted within hospitals where flammable gases and liquids are used, laboratory processes where hazardous chemicals are used, and clinical research enhance the risk of fire in a hospital setting. In addition to destruction of the physical infrastructure, fire destroys hospital records and medication. To address the threat of fire, hospitals must therefore be designed with escape routes that can allow easy movement in case of emergency (Hoke 31). Furthermore, it is critical to install fire-fighting equipments and train the staff on these skills. Hospitals are also required to use technology that will allow detection of fire and

Directing a scene from A View From The Bridge Essay Example for Free

Directing a scene from A View From The Bridge Essay A view from the bridge is a play written by Arthur Miller in 1955. Arthur Miller was born in New York in 1915 and has written over 18 well known plays, some of which have won various awards. A view from the bridge was one of his first plays. This play is based in America in the 1950s when immigrants were coming into America from Italy by the big ships on the water-front. Immigration was illegal so immigration officers set up posts to try and find the immigrants, therefore immigrants had to stay low to avoid being caught and often had to stay at relatives houses. I will be directing the scene from page 55-58 when Eddie teaches Rodolpho how to box. I have chosen this scene because it is the first scene Eddie gets physical with Rodolpho. I feel this is a very important scene because the relationship between Eddie and Rodolpho has not been good throughout the play, this scene also creates a lot of tension as the audience want to see if the fight develops and how Rodolpho will react to Eddie boxing with him. Before this scene the relationship between Eddie and Rodolpho has been very rocky. Eddie does not think very much of him because he can sing and dance, from the very first time he met Rodolpho he didnt like his singing and became a bit jealous as Catherine instantly took a shine to Rodolpho. Catherine was very kind to Rodolpho from the very first time she saw him. P. 29Come here, sit down, Ill get you some soup. She is being very kind considering Marco and Rodolpho are strangers, where as Eddie is a bit more apprehensive towards them both, especially Rodolpho. An example of this is on page 32 when Rodolpho starts to sing Paper Doll. Everyone is enjoying his singing apart from Eddie. Hey, kid-hey, wait a minute- Eddie jumps in to stop him. After the boxing scene the relationship deteriates between Eddie and Rodolpho and Marco. This scene is important because it is the turning point as Marco shows his strength through lifting a chair with one hand, yet Eddie (up till now) has been the character in control but can not lift the chair unlike Rodolpho. I think this scene sets the tone for the rest of the play because Eddie changes from Mr. Cool. To someone who is no longer in control of everything. He is now suddenly no longer in full control of Catherine which is someone he loves wants to control. At the start of the scene I am going to direct there is a lot of tension in the room between Eddie, Beatrice and Catherine as Catherine asks Rodolpho to dance. I would show the shock of Eddie as his Catherine is dancing with someone else by getting him to freeze on the spot and look over casually (but obviously so the audience can see and understand his shock) to Beatrice and Marco to see what they think, and to see if they are also shocked. As Beatrice says Go ahead, dance, Rodolpho. Eddie would put his drink of whisky in his hand, swill it around and sit down watching Rodolphos every move. As Beatrice tries to make conversation I would get her to say it once or twice to make it look as if Eddie is so involved in watching Rodolpho. He would then say a sharp and quick Yes! to convey he is not interested in what she is saying but only in their dance. I would use white lighting to light up the dance and a dull light would fill the rest of the room. When Marco talks about Rodolpho being a cook as well a red light to show anger would then shine brightly on Eddie as he stands up and then talks loudly and says, Hes a cook too! The red light would then fade as Eddie cools down to show the audience his anger is fading. In Rodolphos defense Catherine will quickly reply They get some high pay them guys. The head chefs in all the big hotels are men. You read about them. They will carry on dancing, Rodolpho showing a bit of anxiety by looking at Marco in a confused way. Eddie then stands up and starts to talk about how the dock is no place for Rodolpho. Beatrice looks away as if she is ashamed Eddie is saying this. Catherine and Rodolpho stop dancing and start to listen to Eddie, Catherine giving looks of worry towards Beatrice. The main spotlight shines on Eddie so the audience can see this is an important part for Eddie. When Eddie gets near to the end of his speech because he is trying to make Rodolpho see he should levee he starts to swill his glass too much and then spills bits of it. Realizing Eddie is making a bit of a fool of himself he freezes, sits down and offers to take Rodolpho to a boxing match. Catherine who is somewhat shocked by Eddies quick change of heart, she shows this to the audience by to Beatrice then offering to make coffee. As he asks Rodolpho if he has ever done any boxing before he puts his cigar and whisky down as this will make the audience aware he is going to get up. The audience are now aware of Eddie and his explosive anger and know he does not like Rodolpho, the audience are aware he is going to try something funny. As he asks Rodolpho to box Beatrice will try to cool Eddie off and try to get him to sit back down, in reply to this Eddie says Beatrice step aside, let the man learn how to box if that is what he wishes, you are a real man right? This line puts pressure onto Rodolpho as he wants to be seen as a man and especially by Eddie, so he accepts the offer. Beatrice then backs off and lets Eddie teach Rodolpho how to box. Rodolpho is a bit embarrassed, as he doesnt know what to do. Eddie teaches him slowly, then Rodolpho begins to get the hang of it and they go at a faster pace. Eddie encourages Rodolpho as if he actually wants Rodolpho to hit him. Beatrice sees no harm and comments on how well Rodolpho is doing. Tension is starting to be created in the audience and there is also some dramatic irony because the audience know Eddie is going to do something. Eddie is now practically telling Rodolpho to hit him. Catherine enters the room and she is shocked at what she sees so rushes off to Beatrice and demands to know what is going on. Eddie then says youve had a good crack at me, now let me have a go at you! Rodolpho is just about to say something when Eddie hits him lightly around the cheeks and warns Rodolpho to be ready at all times, he then throws a second quick punch and connects it to Rodolphos face. Rodolpho is pushed back by the shock but just mildly hurt. At the time of the punch Marco is blocking the audiences view of Rodolpho and Eddie actually hits Rodolphos hand, it will still make the same sort of sound but the audience will not know Rodolpho wasnt really hit. The audience is stunned. Catherine runs over to Rodolpho to see if he is alright. Eddie quickly says Your alright, you couldnt be hurt by a blow like that could you? Again this puts pressure on Rodolpho to answer no, he replies No, Im fine, honestly. He staggers over to a chair with Catherine comforting him. Beatrice then calls over Eddie, she scolds him as if he was a small child and warns him not to do anything like that again. Beatrice and Eddie break the silence by once again telling Rodolpho how well he did. Marco stands and calls over to Eddie Eddie, How strong are you? Fairly strong, why? Eddie replies, interested. Think you can lift this here chair? Eddie is confused so he goes over to Marco. Catherine and Rodolpho start to dance to Paper Doll. Once again. Marco says Watch me. He then gets down onto one knee and strains but manages to lift the chair with one hand. He stands up with the chair and looks directly into Eddies eyes as if challenging his power and strength. Eddie all most laughs as Marco asks him to lift the chair up. Everyone has stopped what they are doing and are now watching Eddie. Eddie clutches the chair and strains but cannot lift the chair. Eddies face turns from smiling to disbelieve. Eddie stands and says Oh eerr never new that about a chair, good party trick that Marco. Marco then replies Yes it is but only if you can do it. Marco says this deadly seriously as if he is teasing Eddie because he couldnt do it. Everyone on set freezes and curtain falls.

Khajuraho Tourism: Issues and impacts

Khajuraho Tourism: Issues and impacts India is famous for its great ethnicity and diversity among the cultures and these two main elements reflect in the level of tourism development in any region of the country. Apparently this has led the government and other respective authorities of tourism to call out the importance of heritage tourism in this 21st century. This report is based on the issues and impacts of tourism in Khajuraho, a UNESCO listed world heritage site, famous for its exotic sculptured temples. Khajuraho is a located in a central state of India, and one of the oldest heritage sites in the world. The temples were built a thousand years ago and still they stand dazzling with all the ancient glory. The tourism development in the area has changed many features of the destination and there has been some issues regarding the level of tourism. The place was found only in the early decades of 20th century and even from that time Khajuraho still took so many decades to be printed in the world famous heritage sites. The basic aim of this report is to identify the tourism developments and impacts of tourism in the selected tourism site and it is structured by beginning with a concise glimpse about the destination and followed by explaining the tourism developments in the area, discussing the influences of tourism and its impacts among locals and suggestions to improve the practice of tourism followed by a conclusion which will sum up the overall report and research conducted. Background of the study India is a large nation with huge number of population and great numbers of both cultural and heritage spots. This exclusivity has made the county, a world famous tourism destination in the global tourism map and regarded as a country, famous for its great cultural diversity. Many of these heritage sites are secured by UNESCO- and are still striving to find a place in their destination list. Ethnicity and diversity are the two main key elements of Indian cultural Heritage tourism, and it is really difficult to focus on the whole countrys tourism development and the impacts being facing currently. To understand the effects of tourism on culture, environment and economy it was therefore, I decided that this study should look further deep into the heart of the countrys heritage spots which are commonly unknown for its own nationalists but relatively known by other parts of the world. Khajuraho, a world heritage tourism site in the Central Indian State of Madhya Pradesh was chosen and examined to articulate the nature and dimensions of some of the common issues from the impacts of local and international tourism. The study materials used mainly are reliable sources from the internet and also referred to the theories used in the tourism industry by linking to some of the case studies conducted in the subjected destination. Moreover some parts of the report will be reflecting from my personal experience in the destination. The facts and figures received from the Indian government tourism website back up and gives an overall glimpse of the importance of international tourism occurring in that place. Khajuraho: A mirror of Indian Heritage Khajuraho, a Central Indian State of Madhya Pradesh is world famous for its UNESCO recognized heritage sites and practices great heritage tourism. The site is well known for its imposing temples by reflecting the beauty of antique sculptures and structures carved in huge single sand stones (http://www.mptourism.com/dest/khajuraho.html).These temples, mirroring the sensuous images of both men and women also lead to shed some lights on the medieval Hindu and Jain cultures Pic1-Khajuraho TempleThe history of temples in Khajuraho village is believed to be dated back to a thousand years ago, erected by the great Chandela Rajput Dynasty of Central India, by taking a century to build more than 85 glorious temples with richly carved unique and magnificent sculptures. (Gill, 2008).During the depredation of time only 22 are managed to survive and they stand still calling out the glory of medieval architectural masters. Some of the temples are sculptured with enticing erotic structures representing the Tantric Vedas which the people in the village used to practice. Area 16.93 sq. km. Altitude 257 m above Sea Level Temperature Summer: Max 47Â °C, Min 21Â °C. Winter: Max 32Â °C, Min 4Â °C. Rainfall 114 cms annual Languages English, Hindi. Table1-General InformationThe other Tourism activities include Khajuraho Dance Festival, organized every year in the month of February or March for one week and the Daily Sound Light Show ((Khajuraho, n.d.). Table-1 shows some general Information about Khajuraho (http://www.delhitourism.com/khajuraho-tourism/) Level of tourism development Pic2-LocationEver since the airport is opened, a daily flight operated from Delhi, the capital city of India connected Khajuraho with some other famous destinations. These made the visitors to reach there without any inconvenience and also the ground transportation facilities improved, while connecting to nearby important towns and railway station by running daily trips to Khajuraho. The main significant changes in the level of tourism happened was the creation of a Master Plan to guide the growth of Khajuraho and the institution of the Khajuraho Dance Festival, a successful event that has, to some extent given Khajuraho a classical image (Menon,1993).D:ACADEMIC6th SemesterTOUR310reportkhajuraho-map.jpg What was Khajuraho before Pic3-SculpturesKhajuraho or the ancient name Khajurapura is believed to be derived from the word Khajurvahila meaning the garden of dates surrounded the village at that time (Krishnamurthy, 1996). Deserted after the 14th century, the area was completely unknown to outside world until it was discovered by a young British Army officer T.S. Burt in 1838 (Menon, 1993). According the Ministry of Tourism, (http://www.mptourism.com/dest/khajuraho.html) after the turn down of the Chandela dynasty in the 13th century, the temples were hidden from outside world by dense forests and shrubs around. Nobody knew the epitome of Indian Architecture was diminishing dawdling in the rampage of time. Many of the structures were destroyed by weather, the slackness and laxity of surrounding world. But this hidden identity must have saved the remaining temples from the early Muslim invasions in the past (Hegewald Mitra, 2008). According to Menon (1993) the temples were unknown to the world until 1950s and it was only the foreign journalists and photographers who published the photos to the open world. The place was opened to the tourists only a few decades after the Independence of India from British in 1947 after building adequate facilities for transportation to get there. Changes after the tourism developments Today, Khajuraho is a booming tourist spot for both domestic and international travelers. The infrastructure is modified significantly by the government to the needs of thirsting travelers, as the years pass by. According to (UNESCO, 2005) few modest hotels were built in the early sixties to attract foreigners and domestic tourists and the number of people coming to visit Khajuraho has changed dramatically ever since the airport was built as the surface transportation was not convenient enough. The draft Development Plan produced by Indian Government in 1975 is also guided consequent development of the area (Menon, 1993). Now the old village of Khajuraho is changed absolutely into a place with a number of 8 star hotels including 2 five star chains affiliated hotels and other budgeted hotels also, in an area of just few kilometers (http://www.tourism-of-india.com/hotels-in-madhya-pradesh.html) equipped with efficient roads access, other transportation and accommodation facilities. Subsequently areas around Khajuraho have also flourished and harvested the benefits from these tourism developments. Tourist profile There have been a lot of changes happened during the last few decades and this has led to have a significant change in the demographics of travelers arriving in Khajuraho. Menon (1993) stated that a few decades back, the foreign tourists visiting Khajuraho comprised 3.3% of total number of visitors to India and most of the tourists were independent and included in low budget category, half of the group tourists who visited India visited Khajuraho also. Table2-Statistics from 1984-1992The statistics published by the government a few years back, shows the tremendous hike in the number of tourists visited the destination and it gives a lucid idea about the expansion of the Khajuraho tourism plans (Menon, 1993) Table3-Statistics from 2004-2006 The number of people visited in the early 80s were higher than in early 90s in the domestic travelers as it is believed to be the reason of political instability at that time. But the number of foreign travelers remained constant between these periods. Table 2 shows that total numbers of tourists in 1985-1986 were around 203,646, but in the early 90s it was decreased to 151,350. (Appendix I-IV)There is a significant percentage of increase in the number of foreign visitors to Khajuraho in the current decade almost double the numbers in previous decades while the number of domestic tourists remained constant apparently. This increasing number of tourists mainly depends on the level of promotions of the destination or and the transportation facilities. Driving force It is not only just some sandstone structures to see in Khajuraho, but it is the picturesque depiction of medieval existence of village people ruled under the great Chandela kings portrayed by the maestros of stone architecture about a millennium ago. It is the thrusting force of quaint beauty to lead the travelers to Khajuraho from around the world. The main motivation of travelling to Khajuraho is the splendor of these sculptures in the temples. The government tourism board and other tourism agencies have recognized the demand for tourism in the region and offer various tourism packages including the nearby cities of Khajuraho. It is another value added benefit for the travelers and a motive to visit Khajuraho. Although it is an icon of Heritage Tourism, the erotic sculptures, illustrating the tantric arts in the sandstones attract many of the tourists from around the world. Rise in the economy- A positive impact Though there are many identified impacts of tourism in Khajuraho, the most significant one is the rise in the total economy, as the level of tourism in the destination parts a major share in the total number of foreign tourist flow into the country (Appendix V) As a result of tourism development programs which eventually offered more than 3,000 job offers to the local community made the status of lifestyle to go up resourcefully as there was significant growth in education and health care systems. The other noticed results are in the local handicraft industry and the offering of large scale indirect employment in other sectors especially in the farming (UNESCO, 2005). The development of tourism in the region have also reduced the level of poverty than the neighboring villages as this mass tourism has helped the local people to indulge in increasing their personal income through various tourism activities. All those improvements in the public utility infrastructures and transport infrastructures in Khajuraho show the positive economical impacts and it has been forecasted to make a dramatic change in the future number of tourists (In 2015, expecting 1,00,965 domestic tourists and 8,59,701 foreign tourists with a total number of 19,60,666) App endix-VI Negative economic impact The level of tourism has made some negative impacts in the local economy to a certain level, especially the development programs by the government which brought many outsiders into the village economy. Instead of using the natural resources, things are being imported from outside by the migrants. Most of the imported goods are manipulated as local art work and being sold to the tourists which is a leakage in the integration of locals and the government systems (Menon, 1993). Moreover, the inflation has increased due to the less supply for the high demand for local items caused by the tourism development program. According to Menon, (1993, p.37) a local guide explains that 20 years ago people were friendlier and close together: tourism, he said, has made the people money-minded. Positive Environmental impact The wild shrouded temples are titivated by the government by the level of tourism in Khajuraho. According to UNESCO, (2005) the place is now equipped with complete infrastructure including transportation, electricity, water supply, hotels and hospitals. The temples are now protected by the Indian Central Government with the help of archeological and tourism departments to preserve the Indian heritage, as they are wall protected by the security systems in order to avoid intruders and vandalisms. Now the temples are surrounded by gardens which are not truly, a part of original temple designs, to enhance the beauty of temple premises. Apart from that, a central museum is located in the village to keep the valuable broken parts from the temples and show case the ancient artwork to the visitors and the excavation areas are restricted for public .One can clearly see that the old sleepy image of Khajuraho is completely changed by the changes happened in the environment due to the tourism (M enon, 1993). Negative Environmental impact Due to the characteristics of the destination, Khajuraho poses very less detrimental effect on the physical environment as the tourists who visit are particular nature of sightseer activity and their primary intention is just to see the sculptures in the temples (Menon, 1993). Thus rate of losing the natural resources will be very less in the region comparing some other tourist destinations, however the mass amount of tourist flow into Khajuraho must have changed the environment negatively due to the air pollution and solid wastes disposal. Moreover the destruction of unique flora and fauna in the area, due to the excavation work happening nearby the temples reduced the wild life in the surrounding region. The other considerable negative impacts are the air pollution caused by the aircrafts flying. A study conducted by Indian central archaeological department found out that aircrafts flying over the temples produce a certain level of vibrations which could damage ancient monuments(Ar chaeological Survey of India, n.d) According to a monthly social awareness magazine (Khajuraho Special, 2004) land pollution and air pollution are some of the major environmental issues in Khajuraho faced by tourism. None of the hotels in Khajuraho have proper waste management system or recycling system which persuade them to litter openly and so do the tourists, especially the canned foods and other disposable items. In the same way, increasing number in tourism has caused the same number in vehicles for transportation which pollutes the air by emitting dangerous gases and causing to change the atmospheric temperature. The final thought is about the shrinking of water bodies in the area, where the improper land usage reduced the natural water resources drastically. Positive socio-cultural impact The lifestyle in Khajuraho is being affected by tourism activities as a natural consequence of socio-cultural impact. People have been more aware of the tourism needs and other cultures, to mingle with other nationalities flawlessly. The dance festivals and other cultural activities unite the local community and also portray the true image of Khajuraho to tourists. It has been proved that there hasnt been any complaint of sexual harassment or prostitution, which shows that the local community is more responsive about social norms (Menon, 1993) and some of the local people have managed to make marriage relationship with foreigners. After all, some of the local community still indulge in their daily prayers and go to the temples for worshiping which point towards the conscientious tourism in the area. Negative socio-cultural impact The migration and settlement of outsiders have changed Khajuraho social and cultural environment, as now the local populations is consisting of various ethnic groups who drifted to make business via tourism. The local language spoken is very less in Khajuraho as majority of people living in Khajuraho are nonnative. From my personal experience in Khajuraho, what I could see mainly was the children and young people are following the path of tourism to make money easily rather than going to schools and colleges. Most of them are grabbed by travel agents to become guides and receive commission from them. Ultimately tourism has brought in these multi cultural societies who sell the true art for money into Khajuraho and broken the integrity of local culture. Recommendations and final thoughts The promotional material and the information available to the tourists, reduce Khajuraho to a single-issue destination Menon (1993). This image of Khajuraho is more likely a single point destination where the tourism is only focused on the sensual sculptures in the temples. Instead of publicizing the true illustration, the tourists are falsified by the travel agent mafias which make them to take pleasure in the erotic part of the heritage art worked temples instead of understanding the true principles of an ancient civilization existed there. Hence the government should be more responsible to stop these misleading by establishing examples such as providing proper tourism marketing campaigns, awareness seminars and cultured guiding system. Instead of focusing only on the temples, tourism board should take hand in developing the vicinity and neighboring locality as they are still under poverty and the wildlife around Khajuraho still remains unguarded though it is reserved. Over the past years Asian countries have on looked incredible social, cultural, political and technological changes (Pandey, Chettri, Kunwar and Ghimire, 1995).These significant changes have been received by the far-fetched development of tourism in the subjected countries. Despite the fact that tourism fosters the national economy to a certain extent, it has definite impacts on countrys enlightening ethnicity and legacy while leaving the natural possessions to an economic item of trade for income. According to Bandyopadhyay, Morais, Chick (2008, p.791), Tourism is not just an aggregate of merely commercial activities; it is also an ideological framing of history, nature and tradition; a framing that has the power to reshape culture and nature to its own needs. It is apparent from this report that, these factors have certainly affected either positively or negatively on the values of economic, environmental and socio cultural in Khajuraho. The final say is tourism in Khajuraho has fo stered over the years and it has changed many factors, it is the obligation of each and every single tourist who comes to visit Khajuraho to practice responsible tourism while mesmerized by the prehistoric sandstone shades of ancient arts.